Microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mo-NiCrBSi coating deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying

Prah koji je korišćen u ovom istraživanju (Mo-NiCrBSi) je mešavina dva praha, praha Mo i praha 'samotekuće' legure NiCrBSi, u procentualnom odnosu 75/25%. Nanošenjem ove mešavine prahova dobijena je 'samotekuća' prevlaka na bazi molibdena. Prevlaka je naneta plazma sprej postupkom u atmosferskim uslovima. Kvalitet ovako dobijene prevlake zavisi od nekoliko parametara kao što su: veličina čestica praha koji se nanosi, temperatura nanošenja, vrsta gasova koji se koriste, količina unetog praha, ugao i tempo nanošenja (kontinualno ili sa prekidima), rastojanje plazma sprej pištolja od osnove, temperatura osnove, primenjeni pritisak tokom postupka itd. Sve ove parametre treba pažljivo izabrati kako bi se dobile prevlake sa najboljim karakteristikama, a u zavisnosti od željene primene. U ovom istraživanju su korišćene tri grupe Mo-NiCrBSi prevlaka dobijene sa tri različita rastojanja plazma sprej pištolja od osnove. Mikrostrukture i mehaničke karakteristike dobijenih prevlaka su analizirane da bi se došlo do optimalnih parametara nanošenja tj. do onih koji daju najbolje rezultate.The powder used in this research (Mo-NiCrBSi) was a blend of powders composed of 75% Mo and 25% self-fluxing alloy NiCrBSi. With the deposition of this powder a molybdenum base self-fluxing coating is obtained. The process used for coating deposition was atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The quality of the coatings deposited by APS depends on several parameters such as the sprayed particle size, the deposition temperature, the combustion gases, the feed speed, the angle and rate of deposition (continuous or intermittent), the spray distance, the temperature of the substrate, the pressure applied during the process, etc. All these parameters should be carefully selected in order to obtain the best coating properties for each application. In this research, three groups of the Mo-NiCrBSi coating specimens were produced with different spray distance parameter. Their microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed in order to find the optimal spray parameters i.e the ones that give the best structural and mechanical characteristics of the coating

Toxic Effects of the Mixture of Phthalates and Bisphenol A-Subacute Oral Toxicity Study in Wistar Rats

Phthalates and bisphenol A, classified as endocrine disruptors, have weak estrogenic, anti-androgenic properties, and aect thyroid hormone regulation. The aim of this study on male rats was to compare the subacute toxic effects of low doses of single compounds (bis (2 –ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and bisphenol A (BPA)) with the effects of their mixture through dierent biochemical, hormonal, and hematological parameters. Rats were divided into five experimental groups: Control (corn oil), DEHP (50 mg/kg b.w./day), DBP (50 mg/kg b.w./day), BPA (25 mg/kg b.w./day), and MIX (50 mg/kg b.w./day DEHP + 50 mg/kg b.w/day DBP + 25 mg/kg b.w./day BPA). Animals were sacrificed after 28 days of oral treatment and blood was collected for further analysis. The results demonstrated that the mixture produced significant changes in lipid profile, liver-related biochemical parameters, and glucose level. Furthermore, the opposite effects of single substances on the thyroxine level have been shown in comparison with the mixture, as well as a more pronounced effect of the mixture on testosterone level. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on the toxicology of mixtures and gives one more evidence of the paramount importance of mixture toxicity studies, especially in assessing the endocrine disruptive effects of chemicals

Obrazovanje zdravstvenih radnika u Srbiji: procena i mere za unapređenje kvaliteta kroz praksu, interprofesionalno obrazovanje i razvoj nastavničkih kompetencija

Background/Aim. Health professions education is facing emerging issues. A comprehensive situation analysis was performed among academic staff, healthcare practitioners, and healthcare science students to address and respond to new trends. The aim of the study was to investigate the attitude, perception, and the recognized needs towards experiential education (EE), interprofessional education (IPE), and teaching competencies development (TCD). The critical evaluation of the existing quality standards for further quality improvement in health professions education in Serbia was provided. Methods. The survey on EE, IPE, and TCD was conducted within the Reinforcement of the Framework for Experiential Education in Serbia (ReFEEHS) project, co-funded by the Erasmus+ program of the European Comission at four Serbian universities (the University of Belgrade, the University of Kragujevac, the University of Niš, and the University of Novi Sad). Four task groups were appointed to perform a desk review of the existing curricula, recommendations, and practices within each of the four health professions education (Medicine, Pharmacy, Dentistry, and Nursing) in Serbia and assess the level of compliance with relevant educational policies and practices in the European Union . Results. A total of 1,507 respondents completed the survey. A highly expressed positive attitude was found towards EE, IPE, and TCD among all the respondents. The majority of the respondents (> 70%) shared that EE should be organized in real-life practice and involve students’ work under the supervision of a qualified supervisor, as well as interactions with patients and healthcare professionals. About 90% of the respondents supported the inclusion of IPE teaching activities into EE, with 77% of students expressing high motivation to attend those classes, whereas 93% of academic staff was eager to deliver and teach joint IPE subjects. Only 20% of academic staff has already attended some TCD program, while 75% recognized the need for its organization. Moreover, 90% of healthcare practitioners have recognized that mentors/clinical supervisors also need additional skills for effective mentoring work within health science education. Based on the survey results, recommendations for improvement were given within three educational fields, healthcare science curricula, professional practice (traineeship), teaching staff, and regulations. Conclusion. The results derived from the survey served as a starting but also a vital point for higher education improvement in Serbia. All interested parties – academia, students, healthcare professionals, and regulatory bodies should collaborate on achieving improved, contemporary, and transformative health professions education.Uvod/Cilj. Obrazovanje u oblasti zdravstva suočava se sa novim pitanjima. Da bi se odgovorilo na savremene zahteve obrazovanja zdravstvenih radnika, sprovedena je sveobuhvatna situaciona analiza. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se istraže stavovi, percepcije i prepoznaju potrebe akademske zajednice, zdravstvenih radnika i studenata zdravstvenih profesija, u odnosu prema učenju u realnom radnom okruženju, tj. nastavi u praksi (experiential education - EE), interprofesionalnom obrazovanju (interprofessional education - IPE) i unapređenju nastavničkih kompetencija (teaching competencies development - TCD). Radi daljeg unapređenja u oblasti obrazovanja, za zdravstvene radnike u Srbiji obezbeđeno je kritičko vrednovanje postojećih standarda kvaliteta. Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u okviru projekta Reinforcement of the Framework for Experiential Education in Serbia (ReFEEHS), ko-finansiranog od strane Erasmus+ programa Evropske komisije na četiri univerziteta u Republici Srbiji (Univerzitet u Beogradu, Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Univerzitet u Nišu i Univerzitet u Novom Sadu). Određene su četiri radne grupe, sa zadatkom razmatranja trenutnih kurikuluma, preporuka i prakse u okviru svake zdravstvene profesije (medicina, farmacija, stomatologija, sestrinstvo), kao i procene njihove usklađenosti sa relevantnim preporukama i praksom u obrazovanju u Evropskoj uniji. Rezultati. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 1 507 ispitanika. Pozitivan stav prema EE, IPE i TCD zabeležen je među svim ispitanicima. Više od 70% ispitanika iskazalo je stav o tome da je potrebno organizovati EE, tj. nastavu u praksi u realnom radnom okruženju, što bi podrazumevalo stručni rad studenata pod nadzorom kompetentnog mentora, ali i interakciju sa bolesnicima, kao i interakciju sa zdravstvenim radnicima. Oko 90% ispitanika podržalo je uključivanje IPE nastavnih aktivnosti u kurikulume; 77% studenata izrazilo je motivisanost da prisustvuju zajedničkim predmetima, dok je čak 93% nastavnika i saradnika iskazalo volju da učestvuju u kreiranju i podučavanju nastavnih jedinica u okviru IPE. Prethodno je samo 20% nastavnika/saradnika pohađalo neki TCD program, dok je čak 75% prepoznalo potrebu za organizacijom tih programa; 90% zdravstvenih radnika smatralo je da su za efikasan mentorski rad u obrazovanju u oblasti zdravstvene nauke potrebne dodatne veštine mentora/kliničkih supervizora. Na osnovu sagledanih rezultata upitnika, date su preporuke za unapređenje visokog obrazovanja u okviru tri obrazovne oblasti budućih zdravstvenih radnika, koje se odnose na kurikulum, studentsku stručnu praksu/klinički staž, nastavno osoblje i regulatorne aspekte. Zaključak. Dobijeni rezultati korišćeni su kao polazna, ali veoma značajna tačka za unapređenje visokog obrazovanja u Srbiji. Sve zainteresovane strane - akademska zajednica, studenti, zdravstveni radnici i regulatorna tela, treba da sarađuju u cilju postizanja unapređenog i savremenog obrazovanja zdravstvenih radnika

Nivoi kadmijuma u humanom tkivu dojke i nivoi estradiola u serumu: Postoji li veza?

Cadmium (Cd), one of the most abundant environmental pollutants, is considered to have endocrine disrupting properties. However, data on the dose-response relationship between Cd dose and levels of hormones have been insufficiently studied, especially in human data sets. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the possibility of analyzing data obtained from a case- control study in female patients with benign/malignant breast tumors, using the Benchmark dose (BMD) concept. The collected data on Cd levels in breast tissue and estrogen serum levels were processed in PROAST software using different variables. The dose-response relationship between the internal dose of Cd and estradiol levels in the serum was investigated and BMD intervals were calculated. The dose-response relationship between the Cd concentration in breast tissue and the estradiol serum level was shown, indicating lower estradiol serum levels as a consequence of higher Cd concentrations in breast tissue. As one of the few studies analyzing human data using the BMD approach, these findings could have a pivotal role in dose response analysis of data collected from human studies.Kadmijum (Cd), jedan od najzastupljenijih zagađivača životne sredine, dokazan je endokrini ometač. Međutim, podaci o postojanju odnosa između doze Cd i odgovora-nivoa hormona nisu dovoljno istraženi, posebno podaci sakupljeni iz studija na ljudima. Stoga je cilj ove studije bio da se utvrdi mogućnost analize podataka dobijenih iz studije slučaja-kontrole kod pacijentkinja sa benignim/malignim tumorom dojke, primenom koncepta Benčmark doze (BMD). Prikupljeni podaci o nivoima Cd u tkivu dojke i serumskim nivoima estrogena obrađeni su u PROAST softveru uz korišćenje različitih varijabli. Ispitivan je odnos doza-odgovor između unutrašnje doze Cd (koncentracije u tkivu dojke) i estradiola u serumu i izračunati BMD intervali. Utvrđeno je postojanje odnosa između koncentracije Cd u tkivu dojke i nivoa estradiola u serumu koje ukazuje na niže nivoe estradiola u serumu kao posledica veće koncentracije Cd u tkivu dojke. Kao jedno od retkih istraživanja ovog tipa, dobijeni rezultati mogli bi predstavljati početak otkrivanja mogućnosti analize podataka prikupljenih u studijama na ljudima primenom BMD pristupa

Benchmark dose approach in investigating the relationship between blood metal levels and reproductive hormones: Data set from human study

The main objective of this research was to conduct a dose–response modeling between the internal dose of measured blood Cd, As, Hg, Ni, and Cr and hormonal response of serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The study included 207 male participants from subjects of 5 different cohorts (patients with prostate, testicular, and pancreatic cancer, patients suffering from various thyroid and metabolic disorders, as well as healthy volunteers), enrolled from January 2019 to May 2021 at the Clinical Centre of Serbia in Belgrade, Serbia. Benchmark dose–response modeling analysis was performed with the PROAST software version 70.1, showing the hormone levels as quantal data. The averaging technique was applied to compute the Benchmark dose (BMD) interval (BMDI), with benchmark response set at 10%. Dose-response relationships between metal/metalloid blood concentration and serum hormone levels were confirmed for all the investigated metals/metalloid and hormones. The narrowest BMDI was found for Cd-testosterone and Hg-LH pairs, indicative of high confidence in these estimates. Although further research is needed, the observed findings demonstrate that the BMD approach may prove to be significant in the dose–response modeling of human data

Redoks status i razine bioelemenata u mozgu štakora akutno izloženih smjesi kadmija i olova

Most Pb and Cd neurotoxicity studies investigate exposure to either of the toxic metals alone, while data on co-exposure are scarce. The aim of our study was to fill that gap by investigating acute combined effects of Pb and Cd on redox and essential metal status in the brain of Wistar rats. Animals were randomised in four groups of six to eight rats, which received 15 or 30 mg/kg of Cd, 150 mg/kg of Pb, or 150 mg/kg of Pb + 15 mg/kg of Cd by gavage. The fifth, control, group received distilled water only. Co-treatment with Pb and Cd induced significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) compared to control and groups receiving either metal alone. This is of special importance, as MDA presence in the brain has been implicated in many neurodegenerative disorders. The groups did not significantly differ in Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe brain levels. Our findings highlight the importance of metal mixture studies. Neurotoxicity assessments of single chemicals do not provide a real insight into exposure to mixtures in real life. Further research should look into interactions between these metals to reveal complex molecular mechanisms of their neurotoxicity.Dosadašnji podatci o neurotoksičnosti olova (Pb) i kadmija (Cd) uglavnom su opisani nakon izloženosti pojedinačnim metalima, a podatci o neurotoksičnom djelovanju smjese tih dvaju metala prilično su oskudni. Cilj ovoga rada bio je ispitati učinak akutnoga izlaganja smjesi olova i kadmija na parametre oksidacijskoga stresa i status bioelemenata u mozgu štakora. Životinje su bile podijeljene u pet skupina: Cd15 (15 mg/kg), Cd30 (30 mg/kg), Pb150 (150 mg/kg), Pb150+Cd15 i kontrolna, netretirana skupina. Smjesa olova i kadmija dovela je do značajno viših vrijednosti malondialdehida (MDA) i drugih produkata u mozgu štakora u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom i obama pojedinačnim metalima. To je iznimno važno, imajući u vidu da je prisutnost MDA-a u mozgu povezana s mnogim neurodegenerativnim poremećajima. Nije dobivena statistički značajna razlika između ispitivanih skupina u razinama cinka (Zn), bakra (Cu), mangana (Mn) I željeza (Fe). Rezultati ovoga istraživanja važan su doprinos budućim istraživanjima smjesa i upućuju na to da istraživanja toksičnosti u kojima se procjenjuje neurotoksičnost pojedinačnih kemikalija ne pružaju stvarni uvid u neurotoksičnost njihovih smjesa kojima smo izloženi u stvarnom životu. Dobiveni rezultati otvaraju daljnja pitanja o interakciji i mehanizmima toksičnosti smjese tih metala

Staro olovo, novi izazovi: postoji li bezbedan nivo izloženosti?

Lead (Pb) is one of the most important toxic metals without known physiological role. Recent data indicate that any exposure, even low, can be harmful. Therefore, safe blood lead levels, as well as tolerating daily intake, have not been identified. In adults, the most sensitive effect is increase in systolic blood pressure, while in children, the most sensitive effect is on cognition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of low lead doses on the central nervous and cardiovascular system in a rat model. The study was conducted on Wistar rats (n = 42; 7 groups) treated for 28 days, with increasing doses of 0.1; 0.5; 1; 3; 7; 15 mgPb/kg b.w./day to simulate real exposure. After the sacrifice, the brain and heart were isolated, in which the parameters of oxidative status, bioelements and lead levels were determined. Benchmark modelling of the dose-effect relationship was performed using PROAST 70.1 software (RIVM, Netherlands). The obtained results indicate that lead leads to the induction of oxidative stress and dishomeostasis of bioelements. The lowest value of the Benchmark dose (BMD) was obtained for increase the total oxidative status in the brain (4.49e-06 mgPb/kg/b.w./day), which is the most sensitive effect. In the case of heart, the most sensitive effect was increase in malondialdehyde (BMD: 0.000248 mgPb/kg/b.w./day). Obtained results indicate that low lead doses have toxic effects on heart and brain. Obtained BMD may be useful in assessing human health risk of low lead dose exposure.Olovo (Pb) je jedan od najznačajnijih toksičnih metala bez poznate fiziološke uloge u organizmu. Novija istraživanja ukazuju da potencijalno svaka izloženost olovu, čak i niskim dozama, može biti štetna, te tolerišući dnevni unos, kao ni bezbedan nivo u krvi, nisu utvrđeni. Kod odraslih, kao najosetljiviji efekat izdvaja se povećanje sistolnog krvnog pritiska, dok je kod dece to poremećaj kognicije. Imajući navedeno u vidu, cilj ove studije bio je da se na animalnom modelu ispita uticaj niskih doza olova na centralni nervni i kardiovaskularni sistem, koji su do sada identifikovani kao najosetljiviji na dejstvo olova, i odrede Benchmark doze (BMD). Studija je sprovedena na modelu Wistar pacova koji su podeljeni u 7 grupa tretiranih tokom 28 dana rastućim dozama olova 0, 0,1; 0,5; 1; 3; 7; 15 mg Pb/kg t.m./dan kako bi se simulirala realna izloženost. Nakon žrtvovanja pacova, izolovani su mozak i srce u kojima su određeni olovo, bioelementi i parametri oksidativnog statusa. Benchmark modelovanje odnosa doza-efekat vršeno je pomoću PROAST 70.1 softvera (RIVM, Holandija). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da olovo dovodi do indukcije oksidativnog stresa i poremećaja homeostaze bioelemenata. Najniža BMD dobijena je za povećanje totalnog oksidativnog statusa u mozgu (4,49e-06 mg Pb/kg t.m./dan), što predstavlja najosetljiviji efekat, a u srcu je to povećanje koncentracije malondialdehida (BMD: 0,000248 mg Pb/kg t.m./dan). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da i niske doze olova mogu ispoljiti toksične efekte na srce i mozak, a dobijene BMD su od značaja za procenu rizika olova po zdravlje ljudi.VIII Kongres farmaceuta Srbije sa međunarodnim učešćem, 12-15.10.2022. Beogra

Subacute Exposure to Low Pb Doses Promotes Oxidative Stress in the Kidneys and Copper Disturbances in the Liver of Male Rats

Recent data indicate that lead (Pb) can induce adverse effects even at low exposure levels. Moreover, the corresponding mechanisms of low Pb toxicity have not been well identified. In the liver and the kidneys, Pb was found to induce various toxic mechanisms leading to organ physiological disruption. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to simulate low-dose Pb exposure in an animal model with the aim of assessing oxidative status and essential element levels as the main mechanism of Pb toxicity in the liver and kidneys. Furthermore, dose–response modelling was performed in order to determine the benchmark dose (BMD). Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups: one control group, and six groups treated for 28 days with 0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, 7, and 15 mg Pb/kg b.w./day, respectively. Oxidative status parameters (superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), superoxide anion radical (O2−), malondialdehyde (MDA), total sulfhydryl groups (SHG), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)) and Pb, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) levels were measured. Lowering Cu levels (BMD: 2.7 ng/kg b.w./day), raising AOPP levels (BMD: 0.25 µg/kg b.w./day) in the liver, and inhibiting SOD (BMD: 1.3 ng/kg b.w./day) in the kidneys appear to be the main mechanisms of Pb toxicity. The lowest BMD was derived for a decrease in Cu levels in liver, indicating that this effect is the most sensitive

Narušena homeostaza polnih hormona kod pacijenata sa karcinom dojke, prostate i testisa: koja je uloga kadmijuma i olova

The endocrine potential of Cd and Pb, an important mechanism of their toxicity, has been established in certain hormone-dependent cancers (1,2). This study aimed to determine Cd and Pb levels in blood, tumor and healthy surrounding tissue of patients with breast, prostate and testis cancer and investigate the correlation of Cd and Pb with sex hormone levels in the patient's blood. The study involved 55 breast, 41 prostate and 52 testis cancer patients, while healthy women (41) and men (61) represented control groups. Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used for Cd and Pb levels determination. Significantly higher Cd levels, i.e. lower Pb in tumor tissue compared to the healthy surrounding tissue were found in patients with breast cancer. A positive correlation was confirmed between Cd levels in the changed tissue and both human gonadotropins, and a negative correlation with estradiol, as well between Pb in tumor tissue and testosterone levels. Patients with prostate and testis cancer were characterized by significantly higher blood Cd levels compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, significant Cd and Pb tumor tissue accumulation was shown in prostate and testis cancer patients. A significant positive correlation was found between blood Cd and estradiol levels in patients with prostate cancer. The study highlighted higher Cd level as a significant predictor of cancer, and confirmed impaired sex hormone homeostasis as pivotal mechanism of toxicity underlying the toxic effects of Cd and Pb in patients with breast, prostate and testis cancer.Endokrini potencijal kadmijuma (Cd) i olova (Pb), kao važan mehanizam toksičnosti oba metala, potvrđen je kod određenih hormon-zavisnih karcinoma (1,2). Ova studija je imala za cilj da utvrdi koncentracije Cd i Pb u krvi, tumorskom i okolnom zdravom tkivu pacijenata sa karcinomom dojke, prostate i testisa i ispita korelaciju Cd i Pb sa nivoom polnih hormona u krvi pacijenata. Obuhvatila je 55 pacijentkinja sa karcinomom dojke, 41 pacijenta sa karcinomom prostate i 52 pacijenta sa karcinomom testisa, dok su u kontrolnu grupu bile uključene zdrave žene (41) i zdravi muškarci (61). Koncentracije Cd i Pb su analizirane elektrotermalnom atomskom apsorpcionom spektrofotometrijom. Značajno više koncentracije Cd, odnosno niže Pb u tumorskom u odnosu na okolno zdravo tkivo utvrđene su kod pacijentkinja sa karcinomom dojke. Pozitivna korelacija je potvrđena između koncentracija Cd u tkivu izmenjene strukture i oba humana gonadotropina, a negativna sa estradiolom, te između Pb u tumorskom tkivu i testosterona. Pacijente sa karcinomom prostate i testisa karakterisale su značajno više koncentracije Cd u krvi u odnosu na zdrave ispitanike, a pokazana je i značajna akumulacija Cd i Pb u tumorskom tkivu prostate i testisa. Značajna pozitivna korelacija utvrđena je između koncentracije Cd i estradiola u krvi kod pacijenata sa karcinom prostate. Studija je pokazala da su više koncentracije Cd značajan prediktor za nastanak karcinoma i potvrdilanarušenu homeostazu polnih hormona kao važan mehanizam toksičnosti koji se nalazi u osnovi toksičnih efekata Cd i Pb kod obolelih od karcinoma dojke, prostate i testisa.VIII Kongres farmaceuta Srbije sa međunarodnim učešćem, 12-15.10.2022. Beogra

Modelovanje odnosa doza‐odgovor između nivoa Pb i Cd u tkivima karcinoma testisa i prostate i nivoa testosterona

Exposure to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) poses risk to human health. It is known that these metals have toxic impact on male reproductive system, leading to physiological disorders and infertility. Limited data indicates the carcinogenic potential of Pb, while Cd has been recognized as carcinogen. Benchmark dose-effect modeling can be applied to data from human, animal and ecotoxicological studies with the aim to obtain Benchmark dose (BMD), starting point in human health risk assessment. The aim of this study was to use Benchmark modeling to determine the dose-effect relationship between Pb and Cd levels in tissues of testicular and prostate cancer patients and serum testosterone levels. The study was conducted at the Clinical Center of Serbia, and included 104 patients with prostate and testicular cancer. Cd and Pb levels (ng/g) were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in isolated healthy surrounding and carcinoma-affected tissues. Testosterone levels (ng/mL) were measured using the chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) method. Dose-effect modeling was performed using PROAST70.1 software with continuous data. The dose dependence was obtained between Cd levels in tumor tissue and testosterone levels (BMD: 0.0024 ng Cd/g, prostate cancer and 0.0038 ng Cd/g, testicular cancer). Dose dependence was obtained between Cd levels in healthy surrounding tissue and testosterone levels (BMD: 0.0092 ng Cd/g). No dose dependence was obtained when modeling Pb levels as a dose. The data from this study indicate a potential link between Cd and testosterone levels, i.e. potential association of Cd exposure with male reproductive health.Izloženost olovu (Pb) i kadmijumu (Cd) predstavlja rizik po zdravlje ljudi. Poznato je da ovi metali deluju toksično na muški reproduktivni sistem dovodeći do poremećaja fizioloških funkcija i neplodnosti. Ograničen broj studija ukazuje na kancerogeni potencijal Pb, dok je Cd poznatihumani karcinogen. Benchmark modelovanje odnosa doza-efekat se teoretski može primeniti na podacima iz humanih, animalnih i ekotoksikoloških studija, sa ciljem dobijanja Benchmark doze (BMD) kao polazne tačke u proceni rizika po zdravlje ljudi. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se Benchmark modelovanjem utvrdi odnos doza-efekat između nivoa Pb i Cd u tkivima karcinoma testisa i prostate pacijenata i nivoa testosterona u serumu. Studija je sprovedena na Kliničkom centru Srbije i uključila je 104 pacijenta sa karcinomom prostate i testisa. Nivoi Cd i Pb (ng/g) su izmereni metodom atomske apsorpcione spektrofotometrije u izolovanim zdravim okolonim i karcinomom zahvaćenim tkivima. Nivoi testosterona (ng/mL) su mereni pomoću metode direktnog kompetitivnog hemiluminiscentnog imunoeseja (CLIA). Modelovanje odnosa doza-efekat je vršeno pomoću PROAST 70.1 softvera (RIVM, Holandija) uz upotrebu kontinuiranih podataka. Dozna zavisnost je dobijena između nivoa Cd u tumorskom tkivu i nivoa testosterona gde je BMD vrednost iznosila 0,0024 ng Cd/g (karcinom prostate) i 0,0038 ng Cd/g (karcinom testisa). Dozna zavisnost je dobijena i za modelovanje odnosa nivoa Cd u zdravom tkivu i testosterona, sa BMD vrednošću 0,0092 ng Cd/g. Pri modelovanju nivoa Pb nije dobijena dozna zavisnost. Podaci ove studije ukazuju na potencijalnu vezu između nivoa Cd u tkivu i nivoa testosterona, ukazujući na efekte izloženosti ovom metalu na muško reproduktivno zdravlje.VIII Kongres farmaceuta Srbije sa međunarodnim učešćem, 12-15.10.2022. Beogra